School sanitation and student health status: a literature review

Abstract

Introduction: UNESCO 2019 said that Indonesia’s education has ranked 54 to 120 countries. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) contain goals 4, target 4a, indicator 4.a.1. Quality education can be achieved with basic drinking water during school hours, basic sanitation facilities, and basic handwashing facilities. School sanitation is covered at targets 3, 4, and 6 of SDGs. The objective of this review is to identify school sanitation, determination of disease, and students’ health status-related school sanitation.

Materials and Methods: This research was based primarily on a literature review. Boolean technic was used to define the keywords. The database used for the searching within these documents were School Sanitation, Health, and Students. Data were found from search engines PubMed, Science Direct, Springer, and Google scholar. The literature review of this search was done by the publication range 2019-2022. The search data were conducted on 8 October 2022, which Acquired 7 articles that meet predefined criteria.

Results and Discussions: Schools’ sanitation was identified in water supply, drinking water supply, rest room, sanitary facilities, toilet/ latrine, hand washing facilities, cleaning policy, clean and functional toilet, Water Sanitation and Hygiene Programs, and the knowledge of sanitation. The effect of health-related school sanitation was gastrointestinal illness, diarrhea, cholera, dehydration, cavities in teeth, undernutrition, stunting, soil-transmitted helminths, intestinal parasitic infection, toothache, decay missing, filled permanent teeth status, and health status of students.

Conclusions: School sanitation affected the student health status, absenteeism at school, and students’ concentration. Sanitation facilities are suggested to include laws and policies.