Review Article

Factors influencing recruitment and retention of healthcare workers in rural and remote areas in developed and developing countries: An overview

Gisèle I.C. Mbemba, Marie-Pierre Gagnon, Louise Hamelin-Brabant
Journal of Public Health in Africa | Vol 7, No 2 | a1001 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.4081/jphia.2016.565 | © 2024 Gisèle I.C. Mbemba, Marie-Pierre Gagnon, Louise Hamelin-Brabant | This work is licensed under CC Attribution 4.0
Submitted: 25 November 2024 | Published: 31 December 2016

About the author(s)

Gisèle I.C. Mbemba, Faculté des Sciences Infirmières, Pavillon Ferdinand Vandry, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
Marie-Pierre Gagnon, Faculté des Sciences Infirmières, Pavillon Ferdinand Vandry, Université Laval, Québec; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec/Hôpital Saint-François d’Assise, Québec, Canada
Louise Hamelin-Brabant, Faculté des Sciences Infirmières, Pavillon Ferdinand Vandry, Université Laval, Québec, Canada

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Abstract

Shortage of healthcare workers in rural and remote areas remains a growing concern both in developed and developing countries. This review aims to synthesize the significant factors impacting healthcare professionals’ recruitment and retention in rural and remote areas, and to identify those relevant for developing countries. This paper included the following steps: exploring scientific literature through predetermined criteria and extracting relevant information by two independents reviewers. The AMSTAR tool was used to assess the methodological quality. Of the 224 screened publications, 15 reviews were included. Four reviews focused on recruitment factors, and another four reviews focused on retention factors. The remaining focused both on recruitment and retention factors. The most important factors influencing recruitment were rural background and rural origin, followed by career development. Opportunities for professional advancement, professional support networks and financial incentives were factors impacting retention. While the main factors influencing recruitment and retention have been largely explored in the literature, the evidence on strategies to reduce the shortage of healthcare workers in rural area, particularly in developing countries, is low. Further research in this field is needed.

Keywords

health personnel; recruitment and retention; rural and remote areas; systematic review

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