Health-seeking behaviour of rural women regarding cervical cancer prevention in Namibia: A qualitative study

Abstract

Background: Cervical cancer preventative services exist in Namibia; however, these services are not easily accessible to women living in rural areas, which leads to late presentation for cervical screening and preventable morbidity as well as mortality. Understanding the sociocultural and systemic impediments to health-seeking behaviour is imperative for designing responsive interventions.
Aim: To explore the perceptions, experiences and health-seeking behaviour of rural women in Namibia regarding cervical cancer prevention.
Setting: Six rural constituencies in the Ohangwena and Kavango West regions of Namibia were covered in the study.
Methods: An exploratory, descriptive qualitative design was employed. Moreover, data were collected through five focus group discussions with 40 women aged 20–65 years, selected purposively. Discussions were audio-recorded, transcribed, translated into English and analysed thematically using ATLAS.ti 23.
Results: Six themes emerged: (1) low awareness and misinformation about cervical cancer; (2) structural impediments, including extended distances; (3) transport costs as well as overcrowding of health facilities; (4) negative healthcare experiences, including poor communication; (5) lack of confidentiality; and (6) cultural norms limiting open dialogue and autonomy. Motivators for screening included encouragement from health workers, self-motivation and perceived risk.
Conclusion: Sociocultural and systemic impediments significantly influence rural women’s engagement in cervical cancer prevention activities.
Contribution: This study provides context-specific insights into the health-seeking behaviour of rural women in Namibia, informing policy and practice for more equitable cervical cancer prevention.