Effects of COVID-19 on non-communicable diseases and their surveillance in 10 African Union member countries

Abstract

Background: During health emergencies, continuity of care for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and mental health (MH), informed by robust surveillance, is required. The COVID-19 pandemic revealed that many countries were ill-prepared in this respect.

Aim: This study assesses the effect of COVID-19 on the continuity of care and surveillance of NCDs and MH in 10 African Union (AU) member states (MS) from the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Setting: The study was conducted in 10 AU MS, with two MS from each AU region.

Methods: An online cross-sectional survey was developed. Member states were selected using stratified random sampling, and individual participants were selected from the ministries of health as national NCD and MH focal persons. Responses were analysed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis.

Results: All 10 MS responded. In two-thirds and half of participating MS, routine surveillance for NCDs and MH took place, respectively. During the COVID-19 pandemic, where data were available, several MS observed increases in NCD and MH risk factors and NCD mortality and MH morbidity. Half of the MS integrated NCDs and MH into emergency preparedness and response plans and activities.

Conclusion: The MS had varied levels of national NCD and MH surveillance practices. Where data were available, most observed negative effects on NCDs and MH during the COVID-19 pandemic. Though the integration of NCDs and MH in emergency preparedness and response planning was limited, some countries responded with innovative measures to ensure continuity of care.

Contribution: The study provides insights for improving public health surveillance and emergency response systems.